Thursday, July 31, 2014

Helping Children Improve Their Sportsmanship


Dear Friends of Quest, 
  
I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you happy and healthy!  Summer camp is flying by! Tomorrow will wrap up week 4 of our 6 week summer camp.  I am excited to say our campers are making fantastic gains this summer and we are enjoying getting to spend time with them. 

This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding how to help children increase their sportsmanship and deal with the disappointment of losing.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.
  
Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California

How to Help Children Have Better Sportsmanship and Cope with Losing   
Helping children to develop sportsmanship and also how to tolerate losing is not easy.  This is especially true for children with extra struggles to manage their emotions.  It is difficult for parents when boardgames such as Chutes and Ladders, Candyland, or Sorry turn from a fun time with your children into a nightmare.  As many children set very high standards for games (such as to win every time) it can be challenging to help them play games and make the process fun and enjoyable.  

There are several strategies that I find can be helpful to improve children's sportsmanship and their ability to cope with losing:

1.  Frontload or pre-teach prior to starting a game with your child that the game is for fun and prepare them that anyone could win.

2.  Teach your child coping skills for when they get upset that they can use for when things don't go the way that they would like in a game.  These coping strategies can include taking deep breaths, using imagery, doing progressive relaxation, talking about their emotions, counting to 10, taking a break from the activity for a while, say "Unlucky, better luck next time." etc.

3.  I often build these coping strategies into games with children.  For example:  If a child lands on a chute in Chutes and Ladders in my office, he or she has to go down the chute, but if they can take a deep breath and say "unlucky, better luck next time" the child gets a bonus roll.  As an adult, I model the same skill, but do not earn the bonus roll.

4.  At Quest, we also play a lot of games that are cooperative in nature and would be difficult to keep score in so that it is difficult for children to focus on winning.  If children get stuck on winning, we stop them and provide bonuses if they can remember that we play for "fun" or if they can demonstrate some type of good sportsmanship such as telling a peer "good game" or give a high five.  We also teach our campers what types of behaviors constitute good sportsmanship and then reward those.  For example: for rock climbing we might do a relay race and then at the end announce that the winners were the team that had the best sportsmanship (which may or may not be the team that climbed the fastest that day).

5.  I also focus a lot with children on the process and the effort they put out versus the actual outcome.  By switching to this focus on effort and the process I find that children tend to feel more proud of themselves since they have a lot more control over whether they put forth effort in a competition and a lot less control over what happened next.

While learning to be a good sport takes time, it is an important life skill and it is worth investing in this area with your child.  Children do learn from the examples we set so we can do a lot in how we approach sports and competitions to help set children up for success.  Being able to be a member of a team and be a good winner and also a good loser is important for relationships and future success.   

Monday, June 30, 2014

Why I Am Obsessed with Social Thinking


Dear Friends of Quest, 
  
I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you happy and healthy!  I am incredibly excited to say that summer camp is officially 1 week away!  

Quest STILL Needs Your Help:

1.  More parents are needed for our research study that is starting this weekWe are continuing our research study this summer and need to connect with more potential participants.  We are looking for parents of children ages 6 to 18 with mild to moderate social, emotional, and/or behavioral difficulties who are not already engaging in Quest services.  Participation will be approximately 3 to 4 hours total from now to November.  As a thank you for participation, Quest will provide a free rock climbing event for the children of participants.  Please email Dr. Knott for more information or call 714-490-3428.
   
Summer Dates: July 7 to August 14 


This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding social thinking.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.
  
Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California

Why I am Obsessed with Social Thinking (and You Should Be Too!) 
My obsession with social thinking began a few years ago when I first started to read the works by Michelle Garcia Winner.  Winner has written multiple books regarding how to assist children with social difficulties by teaching children how to utilize "social thinking".  The first book I read by Winner was exciting since it was a literature review regarding what works and what doesn't when teaching social skills to children and presented her ideas for how to use the best of evidence-based practices while also stretching further to incorporate the teaching of social thinking to increase the likelihood of children truly becoming social thinkers and generalizing the actual social skills being taught [1].  

It is difficult to build social skills and have these skills generalize due to the complexities inherent in our social world.
"Social thinking and appropriate social actions help us navigate a world shared by other people-people with differing thoughts, motives, beliefs, desires, and perceptions...Seemingly simple social skills are, in reality, quite complex networks of interdependent thoughts and actions, supported by an equally complex organizational structure. Once again, this structure develops without effort or concrete teaching in the neurotypical child; it's a normal part of the child's social development. Not so for the child with social challenges, and without a structure that helps the child organize and make sense of social learning, the child drifts even further without this innate compass to guide his thoughts and actions...It is not enough for an individual to have social knowledge. The student or adult must be able to systematically coordinate prior social knowledge within the context of the current situation, reading both verbal and nonverbal cues from the environment and people within it-whether or not verbal conversation is taking place." [2] 
   
Winner states that sometimes these skills won't generalize to other environments if a larger social knowledge is not present. Social skills need to be taught in context with support often given to assist with emotion regulation.  In addition, children with social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties do not learn the same way as other children.  Due to this difficulty they often need direct feedback related to the "hidden rules" of social interactions that they often miss that other children know without having to think about.  Children with these types of social struggles often need repeated exposures and practice, often with engaging forms of teaching that are multi-sensory in nature.  These lessons often have to be direct in nature and assist children to become social thinkers since they do not naturally process facial expressions, body language, and social cues.  

Major components of social thinking include:  
1) Teaching about what behaviors are "expected" versus "unexpected" and how engaging in these two different types of behaviors illicit different emotional reactions from others. 
2) Teaching children not just to have "eye contact," but what types of information they should actually be seeking out with their eyes (AKA--the art of being a social detective).
3) Teaching "hidden rules" of social interactions
4) Teaching the steps of perspective taking
5)  Teaching the steps of communication 

I am excited as this next camp season draws near since we plan to dedicate time each day specifically for social thinking instruction.  I am listing out some of my favorite books in the area of social thinking below for those interested in learning more.
    
**Michelle Garcia Winner has multiple books available at her website, www.socialthinking.com that offer wonderful resources regarding social thinking.  She has books, curricula, and games designed for professionals, parents, and for children.  

Winner, M. G. (2010) Sticker Strategies: Practical strategies to encourage social thinking and organization
--This book has many of the hidden rules and great lessons.  It will be a cornerstone of our camp program this summer.

Winner, M. G. (2007) Thinking about you, Thinking about me.
--Great for practitioners

Crooke, P. & Winner, M. G. (2011) Social Fortune or Social Fate
--A graphic novel for teens

Winner, M. G. & Crooke, P (2009) Socially curious and curiously social: a social thinking guidebook for bright teens and young adults
--Book for teens and young adults with a lot of information 

Jessum, J. (2011). Diary of a social detective
--Book for children to understand social cues

Cannon L., Kenworthy, L., Alexander, K & Werner M. (2011)  Unstuck and On Target
--A great book with many cognitive flexibility activities 

[1] Winner, M. G., 2008. A politically incorrect look at evidence-based practices and teaching social skills: a literature review and discussion. Social Thinking Publishing, Inc. San Jose, CA.

[2] Winner, M. G., 2008. A politically incorrect look at evidence-based practices and teaching social skills: a literature review and discussion. Social Thinking Publishing, Inc. San Jose, CA. pp. 3-5

Saturday, May 31, 2014

Exciting New Findings In Alternative Health



Dear Friends of Quest, 
  
I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you happy and healthy!  Our school year rock climbing group comes to an end tomorrow with a climb out in Malibu and then we are set to for another great summer at Quest!    

FREE EVENT:
Dr. Jodie Knott, Director or Quest, will be speaking about "Teaching Emotion Regulation and Pro-Social Skills for Children: Strategies for Parents."  The talk will be held on Thursday, June 5th, from 6 to 8:30pm at the Central Library in Huntington Beach (Room D) and is open to parents and professionals in the community.  Please RSVP to Jodie_Knott@questcamps.com.

Quest Needs Your Help:
1.  More camp counselors needed:  We have hired several, new great camp counselors this year to add to our already amazing staff, but are still looking for a few more great people!  Please help us get the word out to have qualified applicants apply through the contact us page of our website.

2.  More parents are needed for our research studyWe are continuing our research study this summer and need to connect with more potential participants.  We are looking for parents of children ages 6 to 18 with mild to moderate social, emotional, and/or behavioral difficulties who are not already engaging in Quest services.  Participation will be approximately 3 to 4 hours total.  Please email Dr. Knott for more information.

As I announced last month we are putting into place several new things that I think will help to improve the camp experience.  

New Additions for Camp this Summer Include:
--A transportation shuttle service to and from camp
--New field trips for bowling and the movies
--Additional Parent Meetings
--A new registration that will be much more user friendly than our last system and allow for signups by smartphone and tablet
--Additional staff to assist with the administrative details of camp   


Summer Dates: July 7 to August 14 


  
This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding new findings in the field of alternative health.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.
  
Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California

Exciting New Findings Regarding Children with Autism in Alternative Health
This month I thought I would write about some exciting research that has been coming out lately in the field regarding children with autism.  I was inspired to write about this topic since my mom is always reading up on more alternative health approaches for treatment.  As a scientist-practitioner myself, I value a lot of what is available in alternative treatments and feel that there can be much to be gained, but do think you have to be a thoughtful consumer.  Basically, there is a lot of noise out in the world about what may or may not be helpful to people with different levels of support or research to back it up and a lot of parents who want what is best for their children who are willing to go to great lengths for their children so I am always really cautious about what I recommend or endorse.  With that being said...here are a couple exciting findings in the field of alternative health that could make sense to discuss with your care providers to see if they might make sense for your child.

1.  Potential Benefit of A-acetylcysteine (NAC)
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 12-week duration was completed on young children with autism.  Participants in the study were mostly boys (31 with 2 girl participants as well) from the ages of 3 to 10.  The children all had stable care providers and medications with no planned changes during the 12 week study and had never had a trial of NAC or were currently taking other antioxidants or glutathione prodrugs.  NAC was given at 900 mg per day for the first 4 weeks, 900 mg twice per day for the next 4 weeks, then 900 mg three time per day for the final four weeks (or as tolerated).

"Primary Outcomes: NAC treatment showed significant improvement in ABC irritability subscales over placebo (P<0.001). Improvement was evident at week 4 and increased through week 12.  Children also showed a trend toward significance in less stereotypic/repetitive behavior. Minimal adverse effects were observed with the exception of 1 participant whose symptoms worsened."

"This study is of potential clinical relevance for treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other mental health issues. Two theories that have been presented as to why NAC may have clinical benefit in ASD are its effect on glutamatergic neural pathways and its use as an antioxidant...  NAC has shown clinical benefit in ASD, as well as other mental health issues, including depression, OCD, and addiction. Whether as an antioxidant or by manipulating glutamate, it seems to be able to help balance neurotransmitter levels. It can improve symptoms of irritability, depressed mood, and impulsivity. Given its very low potential for side effects, NAC could be a useful adjunct to other therapies for these conditions."  [1]

Though, this study had a small sample size it was very well designed with families and researchers not knowing who was receiving NAC versus a placebo, which really increases the importance of the results found.

2.  Taking Probiotics to Potentially Reduce Signs of Autism 
Dr. David Williams is a big proponent of taking probiotics.  He cites the same study I cited above and then goes on to talk about how antibiotic use, sterilized foods, chlorinated water supplies, and other factors have greatly affected the population's intestinal bacterial flora into disarray.

"Animal studies have shown probiotics can help reduce the signs of autism.  Young animals infected with fragments of the flu virus exhibited the same signs of autism: limited interaction with others, difficulty communicating, and repetitive and compulsive disorder. And in every case, they were found to have a permeable gut wall also called a 'leaky gut.' This occurs when there's a lack of beneficial, protective bacteria in the intestinal tract.  Researchers found that, by administering probiotics and changing the ecology of the intestine, they could return the normal bacterial flora and negate the signs of autism."  In addition, researchers at Colombia University have found distinctive differences in the microorganisms in the guts of autistic children compared to non-autistic children {MBio 2012 Feb 14;3 (1)}. [2]


As stated above, the field is always changing and there are exciting discoveries in research that help everyday to inform practice.  The best advice I can give is to develop good working relationships with the professionals in your life (pediatricians, psychiatrists, naturopaths, neurologists, psychologists, teachers, etc.) and ask questions.

[1] Grigel, K. R. N-Acetylcysteine in the treatment of childhood Autism. Natural Medicine Journal, September 2012, vol 4, issue 9,

[2] Williams. D. Alternatives, Volume 16, No 9, September 2013. Solutions for Autism 

Wednesday, April 30, 2014

Getting Children Away From Computer Screens and Into Other Activities


Dear Friends of Quest,

I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you happy and healthy!  Our spring sessions are in full swing and summer is just around the corner!  

FREE EVENT:
Quest will be hosting a meeting to describe many of the therapeutic components we use at camp regarding developing better emotion regulation and pro-social behaviors and how parents can utilize these strategies in the home setting.  The talk will be held on Thursday, June 5th, from 6 to 8:30pm at the Central Library in Huntington Beach (Room D) and is open to parents and professionals in the community.  Please RSVP toJodie_Knott@questcamps.com.

As I announced last month we are putting into place several new things that I think will help to improve the camp experience.

New Additions for Camp this Summer Include:
--A transportation shuttle service to and from camp
--New field trips for bowling and the movies
--Additional Parent Meetings
--A new registration that will be much more user friendly than our last system and allow for signups by smartphone and tablet
--Additional staff to assist with the administrative details of camp


Summer Dates: July 7 to August 14

Please Click Here to View the Summer Calendar


This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding how to encourage children to engage in a wide range of activities.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.

Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.

Director and Licensed Psychologist

Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California



Getting Children Away From Computer Screens and Into Other Activities
A common struggle that many parents have is how to tear their children away from electronics and computer screens and to get them participating in other activities.  This can be especially true for children who have attention and social difficulties, who appear to be more likely to be sucked into the strong gravitational pull that these devices tend to have.  The good news is while it can take effort there are ways to help get children into other interests and even out into the outdoors.

This heightened pull toward electronics for children with attention and social difficulties could be related to several factors including:
1.  Children with attention difficulties are more likely to hyperfocus at times and video games are designed to be highly stimulating.
2.  Children with social difficulties are often less likely to have social activities in the hours after school compared to children with many friends.
3.  Interacting with other children in video games through game interfaces often feels safer for children than engaging in face-to-face interactions.
4.  Children with attention difficulties struggle with feelings of boredom in many situations and having a handheld device serves as a distraction or a way to possibly avoid social situations in public that could be stressful.

Strategies that parents can use to get away from electronics:
1.  Limit game time and make it a reward when it is allowed.  Many families set many restrictions for screen time.  Some will set rules around no game or screen time on school days or will only allow screen time as a bonus when homework and other responsibilities are completed.

2.  Assist children with understanding what other types of activities are available when electronics are not going to be available to them.  Some children with attention and learning difficulties have more difficulty than other children remembering all the other activities they can do since if children are hyperfocused on video games this type of tunnel vision can make it difficult to remember other options.  Some children do well when they work with their parents to create a written list of all the activities that are possible to do.  I know other families who have set up activity stations for their children with stations housing a variety of different types of activities or hobbies.  Stations should be tailored to the child, but can work well when their are several options (books, Legos, art supplies, sketch pads, visual puzzles, models, journals,etc.).

3.  Teach children social rules they might not be attending to including that all children are bored at times and it is a life skill to be able to find appropriate ways to entertain oneself.

4.  Provide bonuses for children who participate in various enrichment activities without dwelling on their desire to spend more time playing with electronics.  It is common for children with attention and social difficulties to really fight against going to activities or trying something new.  Bonuses for children who try new things or who have a good attitude when they are directed to new activities can be helpful.  Also, in these types of situations I find that often children are anxious about not knowing what to expect or are overwhelmed in part due to other activities of the school day.  In these cases, helping children to increase their skills in regulating their emotions by using a variety of coping strategies can be helpful.

5.  Have days where the whole family unplugs together.  These could be days spent outdoors such as having a family outing or playing a game together.

Developing interest in other activities can sometimes take time and investment, but can really payoff for children and their families as a whole.  Hopefully these tips will help to get more families outdoors and away from screens.  

Monday, March 31, 2014

Developing 21st Century Skills Through Summer Camp

Dear Friends of Quest,

I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you happy and healthy!  Our spring sessions are in full swing and summer is just around the corner!  

We are putting into place several new things that I think will help to improve the camp experience.

New Additions for Camp this Summer Include:
--A transportation shuttle service to and from camp
--New field trips for bowling and the movies
--Additional Parent Meetings
--A new registration that will be much more user friendly than our last system and allow for signups by smartphone and tablet
--Additional staff to assist with the administrative details of camp


Summer Dates: July 7 to August 14

Please Click Here to View the Summer Calendar


REGISTRATIONS BY APRIL 15TH WILL RECEIVE $200 OFF SUMMER CAMP COSTS!

This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding how camps can teach children the skills considered critical to be successful in the 21st century.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.

Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California





Developing 21st Century Skills Through Summer Campby Nicole Wurm,
Head of Counselor Services

What are 21st Century Skills and why does it matter?
            According to the American Management Association (2013) employers reported that companies with many job openings were unable to hire applicants due to lack of higher level skills. These skills are called 21st Century Skills which include creative solution development, ability to function as a team to solve problems, critical thinking, communication, flexibility, adaptability, social skills, leadership, and much more. The companies that formed the Partnership for 21st Century Skills asked for schools and youth development organizations to begin developing these skills in their students. The development of these skills is critical in preparing children for their adult life and career. Schools are beginning to use 21st Century Skills to develop these skills in conjunction with the new Common Core standards. These skills are an important part of being a well-rounded individual and a capable leader in business or the workforce.

For more information on the 21st Century Skills framework or skills please visit:

http://www.p21.org

http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/1.__p21_framework_2-pager.pdf


How can 21st Century Skills be Built?
            The use of experiential learning is an effective means for developing 21st Century Skills. Experiential learning is the process of learning from experience. Summer camps use experiential learning to develop these skills. Quest camp has taken the lead in developing and preparing children with the skills that will be in high demand for future jobs. A person begins developing these skills by experiencing team building initiatives that draw out the need for these skills. In order to successfully complete the tasks children must work as teams to create innovative solutions. During and after the experience they must reflect on the problem and what methods they can use to create a solution. They are building new knowledge and understandings through reflecting on the process they engaged in during their experience.   Although these skills are beginning to be integrated into schools, camps have been developing these skills in children for decades (Brody, 2013). Summer camps and other outdoor adventure experiential learning facilities are at the forefront of fostering these skills (Hattie et al., 1997; Henderson et al., 2007; Thurber et al. 2007).  Quest camps purposefully create its curriculum to foster the development these skills among its campers.

How Quest Builds 21st Century Skills?
            The games, activities and social interactions that Quest Camps utilize are developed to provide students with the opportunity to experience situations that need these skills. We build these skills up by starting with simpler experiences and construct a scaffold for students to build the knowledge and skills upon. Team building activities occurs several times throughout the week requiring students to work together to solve a problem; the objective of the exercise maybe to develop improved communication skills, teaching methods of problem solving or fostering creative thinking skills. Other experiences are designed to develop leadership, flexibility, social skills, responsibility and adaptability. Quest also integrates some of the information, media, and technology skills through the use of video game making week and movie making week, as well as, creativity, collaboration, communication, innovation etc. Leadership is highly encouraged within our program as campers develop the necessary skills and confidence and their abilities. Quest Camp uses experiential learning through the games, activities, and social interactions to develop the skills they will need to flourish and succeed in the 21st Century workplace and their lives.

**Information in this article is from Nicole's Thesis from California State University, Fullerton.

Friday, February 28, 2014

Taking the Shame out of Parenting for Both Children and Parents

Dear Friends of Quest,

I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you well!  We are super excited at Quest since we have already been planning many great things for this upcoming summer!  We are putting into place several new things that I think will help to improve the camp experience.

New Additions for Camp this Summer Include:
--A transportation shuttle service to and from camp
--New field trips for bowling and the movies
--Additional Parent Meetings
--A new registration that will be much more user friendly than our last system and allow for signups by smartphone and tablet
--Additional staff to assist with the administrative details of camp

It is hard to believe that our winter groups will be concluding in the next 2 weeks.  Both of our two therapy groups (our general group with some video game making and our rock climbing therapy group) will be starting the spring sequence on Wednesday, March 19th!  

Summer Dates: July 7 to August 14

Please Click Here to View the Summer Calendar


OUR NEW REGISTRATION SYSTEM WILL BE FULLY ACTIVE BY FRIDAY, MARCH 7TH!  REGISTRATIONS BY APRIL 15TH WILL RECEIVE $200 OFF SUMMER CAMP COSTS!

This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding how to discipline children without them experiencing shame.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.

Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California





Taking the Shame out of Parenting for Both Children and Parents    

This month I decided to pull a couple excerpts out of a book by Dr. Brene Brown called, Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent and Lead related to parenting and shame.  I read this book recently and have referred it to many people since and have covered many of the concepts with the children I work with since the book is incredibly well written and clearly details many of Dr. Brown's findings as a leading researcher on shame.  She provides tangible suggestions about how to live more wholeheartedly.  Below are a few quotes from the book specific to parenting and shame that I think are helpful.  Dr. Brown defines guilt as "I did something bad" versus shame which is defined as "I am bad".  She discusses how perfectionism, having prerequisites of when we will be worthy, and the need to change how we look at and discuss guilt and shame to transform our feelings as adults, as well as for children, so that we can all have better shame resilience.

When it comes to parenting, the practice of framing mothers and fathers as good or bad is both rampant and corrosive--it turns parenting into a shame minefield.  The real questions for parents should be: "Are you engaged? Are you paying attention?" If so, plan to make lots of mistakes and bad decisions.  Imperfect parenting moments turn into gifts as our children watch us try to figure out what went wrong and how we can do better next time.  The mandate is not to be perfect and raise happy children.  Perfection doesn't exist, and I've found that what makes children happy doesn't always prepare them to be courageous, engaged adults. (Brown, page 15)

Are we sending overt or covert messages about what makes them more and less lovable?  Or are we focusing more on behaviors that need to change and making it clear that their essential worthiness is not on the table? (Brown, pages 221-222)

In addition to keeping a mindful eye on prerequisites and perfectionism, we can help our children keep and cultivate their sense of worthiness in another way, one that relates back to what we learned about the differences between shame and guilt.  Research indicates that parenting is a primary predictor of how prone our children will be to shame or guilt.  In other words, we have a lot of influence over how our kids think about themselves and their struggles.  Knowing as we do that shame is positively correlated with addiction, depression, aggression, violence, eating disorders, and suicide, and that guilt is inversely correlated with these outcomes, we naturally would want to raise children who use more guilt self-talk than shame.

This means we need to separate our children from their behaviors.  As it turns out, there's a significant difference between you are bad and you did something bad.  And, no it's not just semantics.  Shame corrodes the part of us that believes we can do and be better.  When we shame and label our children, we take away their opportunity to grow and try on new behaviors.  If a child tells a lie, she can change that behavior.  If she is a liar--where's the potential for change in that?

Cultivating more guilt self-talk and less shame self-talk requires rethinking how we discipline and talk to our children.  But it also means explaining these concepts to our kids.  Children are very receptive to talking about shame if we're willing to do it.  By the time they're four and five, we can explain to them the difference between guilt and shame, and how much we love them even when they make bad choices. (Brown, pages 224-225)

Brown, B, (2012) Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent and Lead.

Tuesday, December 31, 2013

Helping Children to Recognize Emotions in Themselves and Others

Dear Friends of Quest,

Happy New Year!!! I hope that this monthly installment of our newsletter finds you enjoying the holiday season and getting ready to celebrate the start of a new year!

We are excited to have both of our two therapy groups (our general group with some video game making and our rock climbing therapy group) starting the winter sequence on Wednesday, January 8th!

SIGN UPS ARE HAPPENING NOW!

This issue of our newsletter features an article regarding how to help children to recognize the emotions that they experience as well as when others are having an emotional reaction.  At Quest, we are proud to provide an innovative treatment program through our therapeutic summer camp and school year therapy groups that have been proven to reduce problem behaviors not only at camp, but in school, at home, and in everyday life.  We hope that our newsletter will be a source of support and applicable information to improve the lives of the amazing children and families in our community.

Sincerely,


Jodie Knott, Ph.D.
Director and Licensed Psychologist
Quest Therapeutic Camps of Southern California





Helping Children to Recognize Emotions in Themselves and Others   

Learning to recognize one's own emotions as well as the emotions of others is a critical skill needed for children and adults to have healthy and positive interactions with others.  While the ability to be able to read facial expressions is typically a well developed, natural skills for people, it is very common for children with attention and social difficulties to have severe struggles in this area.  Typically by preschool, children can make and understand all of the 410 different facial expressions.  "An early skill that has been found to be important for the development of additional social ability is the ability to understand and recognize facial expressions appropriately.  These expressions allow the child to understand the other's mood reaction to their behavior and adapt accordingly." [1]  In general, children on the autism spectrum have been found to struggle significantly since they typically don't give eye contact and instead look at someone's mouth.  This is concerning since approximately 80% of human facial expressions is communicated through the eyes. [2]  In addition, only 7% of emotional meaning is expressed with the use of words, while 55% is conveyed through facial expression, body language, and gestures. [3]  Luckily, children can be taught how to recognize facial expressions and emotions in themselves and others.

There are several resources that can be helpful to help children with recognizing facial expressions and emotions.  A couple of these programs include:

1.  "Let's Face It!"--A face recognition program that teaches facial recognition and emotion recognition in 20 hours.  The program is a free download from the University of Victoria Brain and Cognition Lab and the Yale Child Study Center.  Information is available at: http://web.uvic.ca/. [4]

2. Attainment's Getting the Message, Learning to Read Facial Expressions Program--Pat Crissey provides a solid program with many ways to assess aspects of facial recognition as well as providing a curriculum for how to approach teachable skills and connected practice opportunities.

At Quest, we have also worked with our children by teaching many skills related to face recognition and emotion recognition.  We do this in several ways.  Regarding facial recognition, one key area of our program is trying to make our conversations with our campers explicit and go over with them what benefits they can get out of seeking out more information from facial cues and body language.  We don't just tell our children to give us good eye contact, but we discuss with them the type of information that they should be seeking out through the eye contact that they are giving.  In addition, often parents or teachers will assume that children will understand the adult's emotional experience since their emotions are being conveyed through their facial expressions.  Since the children we work with are prone to struggles in this area we instead are very clear in our language.  For example: I might say to our campers "Right now I am very frustrated.  You can see this by looking at my face.  Pay attention to the shape of my eyebrows and how my hands are on my hips.  Those are both clues that I am frustrated right now."  We often will try to help the children we work with to recognize their own cues as well.  An example of this would be to say to a child, "Right now it looks like you are upset.  I can see that your voice is lower, that your shoulders are slumped, and your mouth is turned down.  These are all cues to me that you might be upset."

For emotional conversations, our campers also often respond best when we give multiple choice options regarding how they are feeling versus an open ended question.  In several instances we work to help our children to rate their various emotions from happy, sad, excited, nervous, etc. on a 1 to 5 scale.  Often we will see less behavioral difficulties when we are successfully able to help our children recognize when they are getting upset and then using appropriate coping strategies.  At Quest, many of our children become proficient at labeling the intensity of an emotion that they are experiencing and then using corresponding coping strategies until they have decreased to a 1 or a 2 on our 5 point scale.  We also routinely use our number scale on days with emotionally intensive field trips such as a trip to a local amusement park when we ask our campers how excited and also how nervous they are and then discuss how we can often feel more than one emotion at a time.

While it takes time to focus on facial expressions and the recognition of emotions it is valuable since this is a key skill for success.  The good news is is that there are good resources out there to help teach your children these skills.

[1] Semrud-Clickman, M (2007). Social competence in children. New York, NY: Springer, p. 76. as cited in a presentation on Social Difficulties of Learning, Attentional and Autism Spectrum Disorders by Dr. Kevin Blake, 2013.  www.drkevinblake.com.
[2] Dr. Kevin Blake, presentation on Social Difficulties of Learning, Attentional and Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2013.  www.drkevinblake.com.
[3] Mehrabian, 1987, as cited in Getting the Message, learning to read facial expressions by Pat Crissey, 2007, USA.
[4] Dr. Kevin Blake, presentation on Social Difficulties of Learning, Attentional and Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2013.  www.drkevinblake.com.